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Today’s blog topics: ethics of [pre-medical student] physician shadowing and the waitlist limbo.
Ethics of [Pre-Medical Student] Physician Shadowing
Somehow an SDN thread on physician satisfaction with the profession led to a MEDLINE search for physician satisfaction, which then led to an article in JAMA that then resulted in stumbling upon a commentary entitled, “Shining a Light on Shadowing” by Elizabeth A. Kitsis, MD, MBE [where MBE is a Master in Business and Engineering, apparently].
Basically, the piece cited four concerns about shadowing [italics are quoted from the commentary]:
- a physician’s fiduciary obligation: “How is a patient’s welfare served by having a college student present during an appointment with his or her physician?”
- privacy, confidentiality, HIPAA: “In addition to their fiduciary obligations, physicians have other duties to their patients that are breached by college student shadowing, including maintaining privacy, maintaining confidentiality…“
- patient consent/coercion: “Physician shadowing by college students also may involved subtle coercion of the patient. To maintain his or her rapport with the physician, a patient may feel compelled to allow students into the examination room if his or her physician makes the request.“
- student misrepresentation: “It is possible that manipulation or deception may be used (unconsciously or consciously) to gain entry for a college student into a patient examination room… are college students simply introduced as ‘members of the team’ or generic ‘students,’ which may incorrectly lead patients to assume they are medical students?“
While I understand the validity of these concerns, I find it incredulous that this could be posted in this day and age when physician shadowing [or something similar] is just about a must for entrance into medical schools. Not to say that the author isn’t aware of this [she does mention its importance in the application process]. Happily, there were a couple of responses from other practicing physicians that did a great job countering each of these concerns [though, sadly, Kitsis. rebukes them with the same “what if” scenarios…]
My personal rebuttal:
- a physician’s fiduciary obligation: I agree that this obligation may be in question when asked how the patient benefits from a college student’s presence, but I’d argue that a large proportion of students who shadow physicians end up pursuing medicine, and thus, the benefit may not be apparent for that single patient, but will be in the long run. For the most part, I believe that many pre-medical students who shadow physicians do not use the experience as a way to discover career paths, but as a confirmation of their choice.
- privacy, confidentiality, HIPAA: This is definitely a big one, but in all my shadowing experiences, I have always signed and agreed to the rules designated by HIPAA, making my presence similar to other healthcare professionals [though, admittedly, I believe that medical schools do delve into the issues that surround HIPAA, so I may revisit the topic later to discuss if I had any revelations after learning more that would make me see this issue differently]. Furthermore, we are all patients ourselves and should understand how important patient-doctor confidentiality is.
- patient consent/coercion: While I agree that a physician may subconsciously have a bit more weight in convincing a patient to allow a student to shadow, in today’s day and age, many people are a lot more vocal about their concerns. Admittedly, I do not have a good rebuttal to this one.
- student misrepresentation: In pretty much all of my shadowing experience I have had the physician introduce me vaguely as a “student” — while I understand that there is a fine line between what can be deemed ethical in this case, I do believe that this specific case does not necessarily cross it. The term is up for further dissection if the patient wishes [I have been asked what I am studying in school, so the possibility that I am not a medical student has crossed patients’ minds] and I feel that especially because the student is doing absolutely nothing except being a fly on the wall, there is no harm done. Though, I do believe that pre-medical students should be introduced as such in all cases.
My personal experience with shadowing has been extremely positive and helped confirm my almost-lifelong dream of becoming a physician. While I had been searching for shadowing opportunities earlier on, I did not secure an opportunity until right before I submitted my application. Although I was able to include my first shadowing experience in my AMCAS, I did not formally mention my additional experience anywhere [though, one of them did work its way into one of my secondary essays].
I shadowed a cardiac interventionalist, pediatrician and internal medicine physician. Although I cannot say I am particularly enamored with primary care, the opportunity to see primary care physicians in action made the challenges I had read online, real. It truly is one thing to nod and agree with the patient load and frustrations that primary care physicians have to face, and it’s another to watch an infant’s mother refuse vaccinations or an obese patient refusing to change her diet despite being plagued with a variety of cardiovascular-related ailments. While the cardiac catheterization procedures were interesting, I cannot say that they really sparked my interest [I was just really cold in the OR and really happy that I had a lot of lead on to keep me somewhat insulated].
This all being said, I’d like to propose some “shadowing etiquette” tips:
- Dress and act professionally — patient impressions are important, especially if you aren’t a doctor yet
- Make sure you’ve signed a HIPAA statement and have discussed its meaning with the physician you are shadowing — might as well address this ethical issue
- Ask the physician beforehand if you can be introduced as a pre-medical student to reduce ambiguity
- Stay quiet while with the patient — while you may suspect that the patient has all the classic signs of strep throat, you aren’t a doctor… yet
- A waitlist is not a rejection. I promise you, people get off the waitlist and make it to medical school. Many times, a waitlist could just be because you were late in the cycle and there are no seats left in the class [such as MCW].
- Be proactive. Don’t be crazy and call the admissions office 3 times a day asking if there has been waitlist movement or if your application is with the committee or if you will be accepted. Do call and check in every once in a while [if the school permits — just ask if you are unsure] so that they become familiar with your name when it comes up.
- May 15 is a very special day — but probably not for you. While this date is the deadline for multiple acceptances [people holding more than one must rescind all of their acceptances except one, but may remain on waitlists], chances are the admissions team needs to re-evaluate [especially if we’re talking about an unranked waitlist] or prepare for making acceptance calls. Not to say that no one gets off the list on that date, but a lot of people don’t hear anything until a day or more later. I received my OUWB call a couple of days following the deadline.
- Update letters/letters of intent. I sent in one update letter to OUWB [and look where it got me!]. I do not suggest sending in anything “fluffy” — as in, don’t make an excuse to write them a letter [two more hours in a clinical setting probably won’t boost your application significantly…]. Send in meaningful updates — I personally had an international conference presentation submission accepted as well as received an award, so I made sure to include those in my letter. My letter was not a letter of intent. It is ridiculously important not to lie in these things — if you would not rescind your application from every other school once this school accepts you, then don’t say that they are your top choice. However, I did mention that OUWB was one of my top choices [which it was]. I do not believe that letters of intent make a huge difference, but sometimes they could tip the scales in your favor.
like you, i had mental stuggles over not knowing my plans for the next four year of my life. since kindergarten you have know what comes next and this is the first time (maybe since starting college) that the next step is unknown. i just told myself each morning to focus only on the day that lay before me and for once try to think in the extreme short term. essentially to just be in denial of my uncertain future. i think that was pretty helpful. that and the support of my family. in the end everything works out one way or another!
Great comments on the shadowing process and all. How exactly does it work when you want to mention shadowing in the AMCAS? I’ve shadowed at UM, but the doc was a visiting doc from the Solomon Islands and he’s long gone. Tomorrow, I’m shadowing an Ortho surgeon here (Chile), do I need to ask him to sign something as “proof” since I’m probably not coming back before I apply to med school. Great post!
@Kristin: You can list it as shadowing and describe both of your experiences — I was never asked to show proof of either experience as it is usually pretty clear during interviews whether or not they really gave you insight into the field.
Hey Amanda!
Do you know how OUWB (and other schools you applied to…I applied to a lot of the same schools that you were on the waitlist for/got accepted to!) view pre-interview update letters (as in letters sent before an interview is offered)? I would obviously only send one if I had something significant to add to my application, but I was just wondering if you had any insight on the topic. Thanks!
Hey there!
Speaking for OUWB, I’ve heard through the grapevine that some students that maintained a great interest in our school were granted interviews later on in the cycle – I’ve heard of people calling just to see what’s up and others submitting updates. For the most part, unless you’re on the border of receiving an interview/acceptance, update letters don’t do very much [however, if you *do* end up being that person on the border, it can really tip the odds in your favor – I think this applied to me with OUWB].
As for other schools, if they accept updates at all then that means they’ll consider it – but I think it’s universal that it doesn’t really help a huge amount unless you’re on the border since most admissions committees don’t have time to really read it thoroughly [I’ve heard that they’ll skim it and find the important things]. Something to keep in mind.
Basically, it doesn’t hurt, but don’t expect a sudden influx of interview invites just because you submitted one.
Hope this helps! Good luck!
Amanda